Dandong strawberry, Dandong City of Liaoning Province specialty, national agricultural products geographical indication.
Dandong region is a part of the mountains and hills of Liaodong, belonging to the southwest extension of the Changbai Mountains branch or residual veins, has rich water resources, humid climate, abundant precipitation, light, suitable for strawberry growth, Dandong strawberry fruit is conical or long conical, oval shape, beautiful color, rich aroma, sweet and sour taste.
On September 1, 2017, the former Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China approved the registration and protection of Dandong Strawberry as a national agricultural product geographical indication.
Anchor point
Basic information
Chinese name
Danton strawberry
Name of origin
Dandong City, Liaoning Province
Product characteristics
Bright color, aromatic, sweet and sour taste
Geographical indication
State agricultural product geographical indication
Approval number
Announcement No. 2578 of the Ministry of Agriculture, 2017
Implementation time
On September 1, 2017
directory
1 Product Features
2 Environment of origin
3. Historical Origin
4 Production situation
5 Product Honor
6 Geographical Indication
Anchor point folding edits this section product features
Dandong strawberry fruit is conical or long conical, oval, beautiful appearance, bright color, fragrant, sweet and sour taste; Fruit neat, less deformed fruit, good hardness, good storage resistance; Seeds arranged evenly and regularly, no disease spots or drug spots, fruit surface without dust and mud, good commercial properties. Plant growth vigorous, plant shape open, developed roots; Average plant height 24-26 cm; Leaf blade nearly round or elliptic, dark green glossy, petiole light green, leaf sheath green or slightly red; Inflorescences flat or higher than leaf surface, individual inflorescences, terminal 8-10 flowers, side 5-7 flowers, white petals, 5-7 pieces, many flowers, continuous flowering and fruiting ability, sound flower development, good pollination and fruiting; The fruit surface is flat, the seeds are yellowish green, flat or sunken in the fruit surface, the first order fruit is large, and the uniformity is high.
Anchor point folding edit this section origin environment
Soil geomorphology: Dandong area is a part of the mountains and hills of Liaodong. It is a branch or afterpulse of Changbai Mountains extending to the southwest. The landform of Dandong is roughly "seven hills, one water half field, half roads and manors", the terrain gradually decreases from northeast to southwest. According to the height and topographic characteristics, it can be divided into three types of large scale geomorphic units: the middle and low mountainous area in the north, the hilly area in the south and the coastal plain area in the south. The northern margin of Fengcheng City and the northern part of Kuandian County belong to the middle and low mountainous areas, generally 400-1000 meters above sea level. Fengcheng north to the middle, Kuandian County in the middle of the low hilly area, generally 300-800 meters above sea level. Fengcheng City, the south of Kuandian County and the north of Donggang City are hilly areas, generally less than 500 meters above sea level. Donggang City in the south of the east - west - oriented strip spread of the coastal plain. Among the 3.12 million mu of cultivated land in the city, 2.23 million mu of dry land is mostly slightly acidic brown loam. The soil is fertile and nutrient-rich. The pH value is between 5.3 and 6.3, the total nitrogen content is 0.083%, the available phosphorus is 6.2PPm, and the organic matter content is between 2.2% and 2.6%. The unique ecological conditions of Dandong city are very conducive to the production of high-quality strawberry and the improvement of strawberry yield, but also especially conducive to the propagation of strawberry seedlings and flower bud differentiation, so it is a rare high-quality strawberry production base in China.
Hydrology: Dandong is rich in water resources. There are 1361 large, medium and small rivers with a length of more than 2 kilometers in the city, among which there are 4 big rivers with drainage area of more than 5000 square kilometers -- Yalu River, Hunjiang River, Yuan River and Dayang River. There are 54 reservoirs, 31 hydropower stations, 5 large irrigation areas and more than 200 small irrigation areas. River artificial bank protection more than 3000 kilometers. The amount of surface water resources in the city is 8.932 billion cubic meters, of which, Kuandian County is 3.99 billion cubic meters, Fengcheng is 3.364 billion cubic meters, Donggang is 1.211 billion cubic meters, and Dandong urban area (including Zhen 'an District) is 367 million cubic meters. Dandong is rich in water resources, can adjust the microclimate, high air humidity, for Dandong strawberry to provide good natural conditions.
Climate: Dandong is located in the mid-latitude region, belonging to the temperate climate zone, in the atmospheric circulation is a westerly, winter is more northerly wind, summer southerly wind, cloudy fog, heavy rain weather. The main climatic characteristics are: humid climate, abundant precipitation, light, a warm tropical monsoon continental climate. The annual average temperature in the south of the city is 8-9℃, the frost-free period is 180-200 days, and the annual effective accumulated temperature of ≥1O℃ is 3200-3500℃. In northern China, the average annual temperature is 6-7℃, the frost-free period is 135-180 days, and the annual effective accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ is 2800-3200℃. The annual average sunshine duration is 2350-2530 hours, the annual average rainfall is 900-1200 mm, the precipitation from April to September accounts for more than 85% of the annual total precipitation, wind level 2-3, the annual average humidity is 60%. Dandong has abundant sunshine and large temperature difference between day and night, which is conducive to the synthesis and accumulation of plant organic matter. There is no mine upstream of the water source, heavy metals do not exceed the standard, unique natural conditions, very conducive to the growth and development of strawberry, climate conditions are incomparable and alternative to any other region in the country.
Anchor point folding edits this historical origin
In 2009, Dandong cooperative was established, and the Management Cadre Institute of the Ministry of Agriculture held a training course for the directors of farmers' cooperatives. Strawberry cultivation began to rise in Dandong.
In 2010, Dandong Cooperative finally established a new strawberry sales model of direct connection and cooperative development with large fruit fresh supermarket chains. At the same time, it also determined the technical standards of strawberry planting and recycling standards. The cooperative's strawberries are grown according to the standards, which have significant advantages over ordinary strawberries in taste, safety and price.
Anchor fold edits the production of this section
In 2009, Dandong City through years of development, the city's strawberry production area has been 110,000 mu, accounting for more than 81% of the total strawberry production area of the province, including 35,000 solar greenhouse production of strawberry 35,000 mu, there are 42,000 large, medium and small plastic cold shed production of strawberry 36,000 mu, the total output of strawberry 150,000 tons, accounting for more than 10% of the total output of the country. It is the largest strawberry production and export base in our country.
In 2018, the strawberry planting area of Dandong Cooperative will exceed 10,000 mu, and the daily sales of red Yan strawberry will exceed 100,000 jin.
Anchor point folding edits this segment for product honor
On September 1, 2017, the former Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China approved the registration and protection of Dandong Strawberry as a national agricultural product geographical indication.
Anchor point folding edits this segment geographical indication
Anchor folding area protection range
The strawberry production area of Dandong is located in the southeast of Liaoning Province, where Yalu River and Yellow Sea converge. The geographical coordinates are between 123°22 'to 125°41' east longitude and 39°43 'to 41°09' north latitude. It is 165 kilometers wide from north to south, 196 kilometers long from east to west, and covers an area of 15,222 square kilometers. The geographical indication protection area includes 34 towns and 303 villages in Donggang City, Fengcheng City, Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County, Zhen 'an District and Zhenxing District. It is 165 kilometers long from north to south and 196 kilometers wide from east to west, with a total cultivation area of 200,000 mu.
Technical requirements for anchor folding mass
This requirement applies to Dandong strawberry production.
(1) Environment of origin
The terrain is flat, the soil is loose, the organic matter content is rich, the drainage and irrigation is convenient, the light is sufficient, the soil is slightly acid or neutral. Soil for crop production should be free of toxic minerals and high pesticide residues.
(2) Soil disinfection
1. Solar soil disinfection technology. The specific operation methods: (1) in July and August shed idle period, clear the previous crop and weeds in the shed, spread base fertilizer, rice husk 500 kg/mu (or 12 to 15 cm long broken straw 600 kg/mu), quick lime 70 to 80 kg/mu; ② ploughing the soil in the 40-45 cm soil layer, raking broken, so that all kinds of materials are fully mixed; ③ Do qi, qi height 30-35 cm, and then in the qi irrigation; (4) Cover plastic film and greenhouse film for high temperature disinfection, keep for 15-20 days in fine weather; After the end of disinfection, remove the mulch film and greenhouse film, keep the surface of the ground, and then plow the soil, until the smell dissipates, you can plant.
2. Mian Long soil disinfection technology. Specific operation methods :① In July and August greenhouse idle period, remove weeds and crop residues in the shed. After applying base fertilizer, turn the soil 25 cm deep, rake fine, so that the soil layer is smooth and uniform; (2) Watering should be carried out according to the soil moisture, with the soil moisture content reaching 60-70% of the maximum water holding capacity; ③ Evenly spread cotton on microparticle agent 15-20 kg/mu immediately after turning the soil 20 cm deep, so that the agent and soil fully mixed, if necessary can be moderately watering again, to ensure that the agent and soil full contact; (4) The disinfection area is sealed tightly with plastic film of good quality, and the temperature is above 20℃ for 12 days; Remove the plastic film and loosen the soil 1-2 times in the 20cm soil layer; In order to fully volatilize the residual gas, it is necessary to breathable the disinfection area for about 10 days before planting crops. A germination test should be conducted after disinfection to check whether the residual gas has evaporated completely.
(3) variety selection
Select varieties according to local cultivation methods and market demand. Promote cultivation selection of shallow dormant varieties, mainly red Yan, with Zhang Ji, sweet Charlie, etc.; Semi-precipitative cultivation selected varieties with deep dormancy, such as Kalt No. 1, etc. In open field cultivation, choose varieties with deep dormancy, such as Hani, etc. Good species sex, characteristics, characteristics to be neat and consistent.
(4) colonization period
Solar greenhouse promoted the planting of false seedlings after top bud differentiation, usually between September 20 and September 30, while non-false seedlings needed to be planted between late August and September 10. In early spring, the big arch shed also contributed to the planting time between late August and September 10. The four seasons varieties are planted in early and middle August. Open field cultivation should be planted from mid-late March to mid-April of the current year or early August of the previous year.
(5) Standard for improved seed seedlings
The quality of improved strawberry seedlings is usually measured by the number and length of roots, the thickness of new stems, the number of healthy developing leaves, the fullness of buds, and whether there are pests and diseases or mechanical injuries. The specific parameters are as follows:
project
classification
First order
Second level
The root
Number of initial roots
More than 5
More than 3
Initial root length
More than 7 cm
More than 5 cm
Root distribution
Uniform stretch
Uniform stretch
New stem
New stem size
More than 1 cm
Above 0.8cm
Mechanical injury
There is no
There is no
leaf
Leaf color
normal
normal
Number of mature leaves
More than 4
More than 3
petiole
robust
robust
bud
Central bud
full
full
Nursery stock
Insect pest
There is no
There is no
disease
There is no
There is no
Virus symptom
There is no
There is no
Generally speaking, the quality of open field cultivated seedlings can be slightly lower, to reach the secondary standard. Promote the cultivation of seedlings of high quality requirements, should meet the first class standards.
(6) Planting method
Adopt the planting method of big ridge double row, ridge height of 25-30 cm, big ridge distance of 85-90 cm, ridge surface width of 50-60 cm, small row spacing of 25-30 cm, plant spacing of about 15-18 cm. Planting time should choose cloudy day or sunny evening, before the seedling nursery watering, as far as possible with soil planting. 8,000-10,000 plants per 667 square meters in shed culture and 10,000-12,000 plants per 667 square meters in open field culture.
(7) cultivation management technology
1. Promote cultivation management techniques
(1) Cover the shed film. Solar greenhouse contributed to the cultivation of covering shed film time in the outside minimum temperature drops to 8℃-10℃ when. In general, varieties that plan to go on the market early and have shallow dormancy buckle shed early, varieties that plan to delay going on the market and have deep dormancy buckle shed late. Red Yan and other early maturing varieties buckle shed time in the middle of October; Sweet Charlie insulation time appropriate in advance. After covering the film, break the film immediately and lift the seedling. Solar greenhouse semi-facilitated cultivation button shed insulation time is generally in mid-December, the earliest can not be earlier than mid-November, in addition to the adoption of high temperature after the button shed to promote seedlings, promote flowers, other management and promote cultivation is basically the same.
(2) Humidity management. Humidity management is an important link to meet the physiological needs of strawberry and reduce pest and disease. Soil water capacity is required to be 60% at flower bud differentiation stage, 70% at vegetative growth stage and 80% at fruit and fruit stage. Greenhouse air relative humidity below 70% is appropriate, humidity is too large to timely ventilation. Irrigation method to drip irrigation is the best, when irrigating permeable, a week to water frequently, after covering the mulch to "wet without waterlogging, dry without drought as the principle".
(3) Fertilizer and water management. Base fertilizer: 5000 kg of farm fertilizer and 50 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer are applied every 667 square meters. The ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be 15:15:10. Topdressing: The first topdressing, when the top inflorescence bud; When the apical fruit began to expand after the second topdressing; Third topdressing, apical fruit early harvesting; The fourth topdressing,
Apical fruit late harvest; After that, apply fertilizer every 15 to 20 days. Fertilizer and irrigation combined, each mu of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 10 kg or potassium dihydrogen phosphate 15 kg. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilizer, liquid fertilizer concentration to 0.2-0.4% is appropriate, can also be used instead of liquid fertilizer use biogas slurry; Foliar fertilizer spraying can be used high efficiency liquid organic compound fertilizer, biological fertilizer, etc. Co2 gas fertilization is carried out before noon on clear winter days, with a release time of 2-3 hours at a concentration of 700 mg/L and 1000 mg/l.
(4) Temperature management. The optimum temperature for strawberry growth in greenhouse is:
Before budding: 26℃-28℃ during the day, 15℃-18℃ at night.
Bud stage: 25℃-28℃ during the day, 8℃-12℃ at night.
Flowering: 22℃-25℃ during the day, 8℃-10℃ at night
Fruit expansion and maturity stage: 20℃-25℃ during the day, 5℃-10℃ at night
⑤ Plant management. Leaf picking and stolon removal: Stolons and yellow, dead and diseased leaves should be removed in time throughout the development process. Break off the stem: After the apical flower is drawn out, keep 1 to 2 good and strong axillary buds, and break off the rest. Break the flower stem: the inflorescence after the fruit should be removed in time. Flower and fruit thinning: The ineffective flowers and fruitless flowers of higher order on the inflorescence should be eliminated as soon as possible, and each inflorescence should retain 7-12 fruits.
⑥ Keep bees free. The greenhouse is closed and not ventilated in winter, and there is no natural insect pollination. Bees should be placed to assist pollination. When 10% of the plants first flower, bees enter the shed. If the bees enter the shed too early, they will damage the flower stamens due to powder, and if they enter the shed too late, they will affect the pollination effect. The average quantity of bees should be one bee per plant.
⑦ Electric light fill light. The application of plant growth regulation lamp, generally in the middle of November every year to the middle of February the next year, in view of the lack of light in winter, cloudy and snowy days, in order to maintain the growth potential of strawberry plants, it is recommended to use supplementary light. Install 40 "Heming" brand plant fill light lamps every 667 square meters, each fill light lamp 40 watts, fill light 3 hours to 4 hours after sunset every day.
